jacobsen



L. JACOBSENI REVERSING AND PHASE CHANGING POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27,19I5- r 1,316,242. PatentedSept. 16, 1919.

2' SHEETSSHEET I.

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L. JACOBSEN. REVERSING AND PHASE CHANGING POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION men APR- 21, 1915.

1,316,242. Patent-edSept. 16, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wo zum/ LABS JAcoissEN, or BILETH, SARPSBORG, NORWAY.

REVERSING AND PHASE-CI-IANGIN G POWER-TRANSMITTING MECHANISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

Application filed April 27, 1915. Serial No. 24,227.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LARS J ACOBSEN, citizen of Norway, residing at Bileth pr. Sarpsborg, Norway, have invented new and useful Improvements in Reversing and Phase- Changing Power-Transmitting Mechanism, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has for its object to provide a power transmitting device (driving device) serving to transmit power or movement from a driving member to a machine element to be placed in operation, the working point of the drivingmember upon the said machine element being capable of being changed in position so that the different phases of the movement may be angularly displaced in relation to the driving member.

A changeable driving device of this kind may be used in several connections. I here specially mention its use in distribution eccentrics, cams, etc, for operating valves, slides or other elements in power-machinery, particularly in internal combustion motors.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows the principle of the driving device, 7

Fig. 2 is a side view, partly in section, and

Fig. 3 is a corresponding plan view showing an application of the invention to the distribution-eccentric of an explosion motor.

Fig. -:L is an end View, partly in section, of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2.

Figs. 5, 6 and '7 illustrate in similar manner another application of the driving device, Fig. 5 being partly a section on the line II in Fig. 7.

Figf S is a sectional view of a modified construction. Fig."9 is a longitudinal section illustrating still another embodiment of the invention.

In Fig. 1 the numeral 2 designates the member to be driven and which can consist of a gear wheel (as indicated by the three dashand-dotted outer circles), an eccentric, a cam disk, etc., which has to receive its movement from a shaft 1-, or vice versa. For this purpose the member 2 is provided with four pawls -4, 5, 6, 7, each of which is pivoted upon a pin 17, 18, 19, 20 respectively in the pawl carrying member and the noses of which are pressed against the shaft 1 by means i of springs 9, 10, 11, 12 acting upon the outer arms of the pawls. The said arms are movable in slots or apertures 21, 22, 23, 2l in the pawl carrying member and have on their outer free ends rolls 13, 14, 15, 16-. On the latter may be brought to act some releasing member (for instance a curved'part 31, 32 as shown in Fig. 2), so that any one ofthe four pawls may be brought to work on a key 8 or a similar projectionon the shaft 1-.

In Fig. 1 four releasing members (not shown), for instance similar to members 31, 32, are used, and pawl l is in engagement with the key 8, which thereby takes along with it the member '2 in its rotation, whereas the) other pawls remain inoperative.

If now the power transmission between the two members 1 and 2 has to take place in a position, which is angularly displaced, for instance 90 degrees, in relation to that shown, so that the pawl 5 is the operative one, then the pawls 4, 6 and 7 are released, which may take place without stopping the parts. In such case a rotation of 90 degrees of the shaft 1 alone will take place, until the key 8 engages the pawl 5 in the new position, whereupon the movement-transmission to the member 2- continues with phases which are 90 degrees displaced in relation to those of the first position.

A plurality of oppositely directed pawls may also be arranged (see Fig. 2), so. that the device may act in both rotating directions.

The principle of the described mechanism is utilized in the construction illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and 4:, in which it serves to re verse an explosion or internal combustion engine operated by liquid fuel which is introduced into the cylinder by means of a pump. The latter is to be driven from an eccentric part 2 which in the present case corresponds to the member 2 in Fig. 1. The eccentric is (see Fig. 2) made integral with two pawl casings 25- and 26 each containing a pawl 27, 28 respectively, which are oppositely directed and the rolls 29, 30 of which may be pressed in by means of curved parts 31, 32- respectively, operated in turn by the one or other end of a cross piece 33 from a turntable handle 34-. Both curved parts are pivoted on a pin -35 in the machine frame and are normally raised by springs 36.

The device operates as follows:

If the motor (the shaft 1) Works in the direction indicated by the arrow, the key or projection 37 attached to the shaft engages the pawl -27 and the eccentric 2 rotates with the shaft in this direction so as to cause from this position normal injections of fuel by the fuel pump, whereby the explosion takes place when or after the working piston has arrived at its innermost position.

If new the handle 34 is turned over, so that the curve -31 presses against the roll 29 and thereby presses in the outer part of the pawl -27-, and consequently presses out its inner part, the pawl, the pawl is released from its engagement with the projection 37. The shaft 1 now must rotate farther in the,same direction without taking with it the eccentric -'2, until the projection -37 strikes against the key 38- arranged in the inner space of the eccentric, and from this position which is thus another one in relation to the position of the working piston in the cylinder than the first one, the eccentric now will cause an injection causing an explosion to take place before the piston has reached its innermost position, so that the piston is driven back again and the motor must reverse.

The shaft now will rotate in this new direction (opposite the arrow) without any connect-ion with the eccentric, until the projection -37 strikes against the pawl -2S and thereby takes the eccentric along with it in the new direction, in which the fuel is introduced in the manner suitable for the normal operation in this direction. 'On account hereof the motor must continue its rotation in that direction. If the motor is again desired to be reversed so as to work in the first rotating direction, the handle 3 l is turned to the other side, and the device then will operate in a manner quite similar to that just described.

For causing a reversing explosion it can not be considered to be sutlicient only to change the point of injection of the fuel, so as to cause the injection to take place earlier than normally, but the injection also should be increased, so that a stronger explosion. than normally takes place and thereby the piston is safely forced back again. In order to obtain this effect, the part of the shaft or other member, upon which the eccentric is arranged, is made eccentric as shown at the dotted circle '39 in Fig. 2, or an eccentric sleeve is attached to the shaft. In both cases, the stroke of the eccentric and consequently of the pump will be increased or decreased, when its working point on the shaft is changed. The stroke preferably is the longest one, when the projection 37 strikes against the key -38 because in such position the eccentric 2- has obtained an increased eccentricity to the shaft -1, and it is essentially less, when the projection 37 engages one of the pawls. From this results that the stroke of the fuel pump is increased for the reversing injection and is again automatically shortened so as to be the normal one for the normal injections.

The device above described may be used (seine alteration in details being made) for different purposes. For instance, instead of acting upon the driving device of the fuel supplying apparatus, it may act upon the electric igniting device, upon the lifting device of valves, upon the moving mechanism of slides or similar arrangements.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show another construction of a reversing device for explosion motors with liquid fuel as a driving fluid. The latter also here is intended to be supplied by means of a pump which is driven from the but eccentric 2. This eccentric isin similar manner as described for the first constructionarranged on an eccentrically turned sleeve 39- clamped on the shaft 1 so as to be prevented from moving longitudinally. Said sleeve abuts against a collar eL0 on the shaft.

A sleeve 4l is longitudinally slidable on the shaft but is prevented from rotation by keys -'l2, 43- attached to the shaft l-. A projection l4t is provided on the sleeve 4l and serves to take the eccentric along with it in one or the other direction, the said projection engaging abutmcnts which are arranged inside the eccentric in two different angular planes and the uttermost engaging faces of which are l5, el6- and l7, 48 respectively.

lVhen the handle l9- as shown in Fig. 7 is noved to the right and has theref n-e (through the medium of its shaft 50 and its two levers 52, 52 having pins engaging the groove 5lof the sleeve l-l forced the sleeve 'l1 to the left into the eccentric, the projection ll is located in the path of the face "l5, l6-. if therefore the motor operates in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 5, the projection llwill press upon the face (l5- inside the eccentric, which is consequently taken along in the rotating direction so as to supply normal fuel injections for this rotating direction of the motor.

If new the handle etf: is turned over to the leftso that the sleeve l1- is forced outward, the projection l%l leaves its working point and the shaft therefore continues its rotating movement, but the eccentric stops until the projection l-.l

strikes against the face 47- on the other abutment inside the eccentric, because the faces 47, &8 now are located in the path of the projection -H. In this position the eccentric rotates until it has caused an injection, which causes an explosion to take place which presses the piston back again, beforeit has reached its innermost position. As soon as the shaft 1 thereby begins to rotate in the opposite direction (opposite the arrow), the eccentric again will be stationary until the projection -l4 strikes the face l8, and from this position the eccentric is taken along by the shaft 1 and causes normal injections for the motor in the new rotating direction.

hen the handle 19 is again turned to the right, reversing to the first rotating direction will take place as previously described. The motor thus operates equally well in both directions.

In order to produce a more effective reversing explosion, the sleeve -3Q upon which the eccentric is ournaled is also made eccentric, so that the stroke of the eccentric is the longest one when the projection lworks on the faces -i6 or 4:7-, and is the shortest one when it works on the faces el5 or 48, consequently the stroke is longest when the pump has .to cause a reversing injection and is least when. it has to' cause normal injections.

If the motor for same reason should not reverse after the first reversing explosion, it will continue to operate one cycle more and will be reversed after a succeeding injection.

The driving member may be held back in some manner until a new position is attained, in case it, on account of friction or the like, tends to follow the driving shaft in its rotation instead of being stopped when the coupling pawls or projections are released.

It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the constructions here shown, but it of course can be executed in other manners without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus the pawls need not be moved out to the outer face of the eccentric but they can be moved laterally or in other suitable manner, or the key projection or a similar member can be arranged so as to be movable instead of the pawls, and the pawls and the key can be replaced by similarly acting parts. In Figs. 5-7 is shown only one position of the eccentric for normal operation for both directions, but of course the construction may also be so devised that the eccentric may cause, for each rotating direction, an injection either before or after the working piston has reached its innermost position.

Modifications are illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, which are substantially diagrammatical. The stops or pawls are shown one in uppermost position and the other in lowermost position, and the eccentric portion is omitted, etc.

Fig. 8 shows the pawls or movable stops 53 and 54, as being sidewise, one being movable outwardly by the sleeve, 55, which is slidable upon the shaft, and the other being movable inwardly by said sleeve. The stops are held in normal positionthat shown in Fig. 8by the springs 56 and 57. In this instance, the driven member is supposed to be a cam disk orthe like. The sleeve, 55, may be moved by means of a lever, or the like, as previously described.

Fig. 9 shows a construction in which the pawls are, as before, moved a1ternatelyin this case, by displacing a sleeve 7 0 upon the shaft, said sleeve acting in one direction, upon a lever 68 and in the other direction upon a lever 69. The operation is similar to that described in connection with the other figures. Springs 71 and 72 serve to hold the pawls in their correct position.

The reversing mechanism may be used in motors, driven by liquid fuel or by fuel which is introduced by means of compressed air (Diesel-motors or the like). The mechanism in such case should act upon the fuel pump or upon a fuel valve, etc., or upon the electric igniting device. Further the mechanism need not in any case cause an i11- creased supply of fuel for the reversing explosion, because if the fuel is only supplied at the suitable moment, it may be advisable in order to prevent breakage in motors working at high pressures (Diesel-motors, etc.) to arrange a decreased (or normal) supply of fuel, which causes an explosion before the piston reaches its top position and thereby forces the piston back again, instead of causing a combustion, after the piston has passed the said top position.

If the mechanism is used for reversing motors provided with valves, slides ,or the like arranged at the cylinder openings, it may be so connected with the valve controlling device that these valves canact from a new position, as soon as the motor has been reversed. The reversing itself can, as mentioned above, be effected by a counterexplosion or by means of compressed air etc. The mechanism then will automatically provide for the valves, etc., acting normally for the new rotating direction. In such'cases it may often be advisable to remove the excentric which causes an increased or decreased stroke. Also opposite pawls or the like may be arranged which have the effect of holding fast the driving device in any rotating direction. Or in the arrangement according to Figs. 57 spring-pressed stops etc. (see Figs. 10-12) may be provided, which have the same effect as in the firstmentioned case.

In general, the mechanism may be used in llO different forms in 2 and stroke cycle motors, with or without valves, as modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the mechanism, when used for reversing, may be arranged to act upon different parts of the motor.

I finally shall only give a summary of the most important cases, in. which the invention may be utilized.

(a) The mechanism acts in connection with the fuel supplying device, the pump, the valve, or similar part of a motor, so that the latter may be reversed by a counter-explosion and be caused to run in the opposite direction.

(Z2) The mechanism acts in connection with the fuel supplying device of a motor, so that this device, when the motor is reversed by compressed air or by other means is automatically adjusted so as toact from the correct point in the new rotating direction.

(0) The mechanism acts upon the electric igniting device of a motor in the same manner as mentioned under (a) and (d) The mechanism acts upon the controlling device of valves, slides or other auxiliary members of a motor in such a manner that these members, when the motor is reversed, are caused to act from new positions which are suitable for the new rotating directions.

(0) The mechanism may be utilized in 2 and 4: stroke cycle motors, single or double acting ones, the different elements being only arranged so as to suit for the purpose.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a reversing and phase changing power transmittingmechanisn, the combination of an eccentric driving shaft; a feedpump driving eccentric loosely mounted on the shaft and provided with two pairs of abutment faces located in different planes; a longitudinally slidable but non-turnable sleeve arranged on said shaft and provided with a nose adapted to engage with said faces; one position of engagement producing normal fuel injection, another position causing injections at a time to cause reversal of rotation, said engagement passing automatically from the reversing injections to normal injections when the rotation of the parts reverses.

2. In a reversing and phase changing power transmitting mechanism, the combi nation of an eccentric driving shaft; a feedpump driving eccentric loosely mounted 011 the shaft and provided with two pairs of abutment faces located in different planes; a longitudinally slidable but non-turnable sleeve arranged on said shaft and provided with a nose adapted to engage with said faces; one position of engagement producing normal fuel injection, another position causing injections at a time to cause reversal of rotation, said engagement passing auto matically from the reversing injections to normal injections when the rotation of the parts reverses, said shaft and eccentric adapted to relatively rotate to add their eccentricities when the injections bringing about reversal are taking place whereby the injections are increased.

3. In a reversing and phase changing power tansmission mechanism, the combination of a pair of coaxial rotatable elemcnts; an eccentric piece mounted on one of the elements; means adapted to establish engagement of the two elements for either direction of rotation in different angular relations; and means associated wit-h said piece for establishing said engagement at one intermediate angular relation.

4. In a reversing and phase changing power transmitting mechanism, the combination of a pair of coaxial rotatable elements one of which is eccentric; an eccentric piece mounted on the eccentric element; means adapted to establish engagement of the two elements for either direction of rotation in different angular relations; and means associated with said piece for establishing said engagement at one intermediate angular relation, said eccentric element and appertaining eccentric piece adapted to add their eccentricities, when said inter mediate relation is established.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LABS J ACOBSEN.

lVitnesses AXEL LAHN, MOGENS Boson.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0. 

